Sawahlunto City History

Foto by Anton Chandra

Sawahlunto is a small town in Indonesia which lies in the environment of West Sumatra, Bukit Barisan. In 1858, De Groet believe that the area around Sungai Ombilin contain content coal. The indications De Groet was later followed up by Ir Willem Hendrik De Greve in 1867. A more thorough investigation by the Ir Verbeck produce a surprising finding. Suspected area containing a coal range in the tens of million tonnes.

With discovered the mine, local residents began to work and earn a living there. But because of heavy and hard work at the mine, they are many who escaped. Finally, workers are brought from various regions throughout the archipelago. And most workers are from Java. They are employed by force by the Dutch government. Their legs tied with chains, they were whipped and tortured if it does not work. That's why the term "People Chain" or "Orang Rantai" attached to them so strongly "the nation-fighters" who worked in the coal mine. Under torture and suffering they work for the country and nation in the future.


In 1887, the Dutch built the Three Project, the Coal Mine Ombilin, railways, and Pelabuhan Teluk Bayur. Netherlands Indies government invested at 5.5 million guilders to build a coal mine concession facilities such as Pelbuhan teluk Bayur Ombilin and trains.

In 1892, began the first production of this coal mine. Until a few years, practically Sawahlunto economy depends on mining sector. Coal mining area in the City, the mine reaches approximately 16,000 hectares, spread in District Talawi. And Ombilin this is the only coal mine in Indonesia which has a mine in (go to the bowels of the earth).

In 1893, the Government of the Netherlands East Indies completed construction of the Pelabuhan Teluk Bayur. While the railroad that connects the Gulf through the Teluk Bayur-Padangpanjang-Sawahlunto completed in 1893.

Chronological development of rail-Sawahlunto AIP Teluk Bayur:
1. The first railroad made from Water Island (Padang) to Padang Panjang (71 km) completed July 12, 1891.
2. From Padang Panjang - Bukittinggi (19 km) completed November 1891.
3. From Padang Panjang - Solok (53 km) completed in July 1892.
4. Solok - Estuary Kalaban (23 km) and Padang - Bayur Bay (7 km) completed in October 1892.
5. The latter is the estuary Kalaban to Sawahlunto (2 km), which must penetrate a hill with a 835 meter long tunnel that was completed in January 1894. This tunnel (Lubang Kalam) is done by people who had chain.

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